BOARDS
Licensee on Behalf of Izmir Metropolitan Municipality
Mustafa Tunç SOYER
Mayor of Izmir Metropolitan Municipality
Managing Director
Dr. Ayşegül SABUKTAY
Director of Izmir Mediterranean Academy/Izmir Metropolitan Municipality
Editors
Dr. H. Gökhan KUTLU & Ulaş Şansal KILIÇKAYA
Izmir Mediterranean Academy/Izmir Metropolitan Municipality
Editorial Assistant
Eriz Arda AYDIN
Izmir Mediterranean Academy/Izmir Metropolitan Municipality
Graphic Design and Implementation
Güven TOROS
Graphic Designer
FOUNDING EDITORIAL BOARD
In Memoriam
Oruç ARUOBA (1948-2020)
Writer/Poet/Translator/Philosopher
Prof. Dr. Şebnem GÖKÇEN
Dokuz Eylül University
Prof. Dr. Sezai GÖKSU
Dokuz Eylül University
Retired
Prof. Dr. Melek GÖREGENLİ
Social Psychologist
Prof. Dr. Aylin GÜNEY GEVREK
Yaşar University
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Güven İNCİRLİOĞLU
Artist
Prof. Dr. Uygur KOCABAŞOĞLU
Middle East Technical University
Retired
Dr. Zafer YÖRÜK
Political Scientist
EDITORIAL BOARD
Prof. Dr. Uygun AKSOY
Ege University
Retired
Asst. Prof. Dr. Borga KANTÜRK
Dokuz Eylül University
Asst. Prof. Dr. İrfan KOKDAŞ
Izmir Kâtip Celebi University
Asst. Prof. Dr. Derya NİZAM BİLGİÇ
Izmir University of Economics
Assoc. Prof. Dr. İlkay SÜDAŞ
Ege University
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Burcu ŞENTÜRK
Ege University
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ahmet UHRİ
Dokuz Eylül University
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ahenk YILMAZ
Yaşar University
ADVISORY BOARD
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Serhan ADA
İstanbul Bilgi University
Prof. Dr. Oğuz Ahmet ADANIR
Dokuz Eylül University
Retired
Prof. Dr. Ayşe Nükhet ADIYEKE
Mersin University
Retired
Prof. Dr. Cengiz AKTAR
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Ertuğrul APAKAN
Diplomat
Prof. Dr. Zeki ARIKAN
Ege University
Retired
Dr. Marc AYMES
French National Center for Scientific Research
Prof. Dr. Victor AZARYA
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Emeritus
Prof. Dr. Tevfik BALCIOĞLU
Arkin University of Creative Arts and Design
In Memoriam
Prof. Dr. Michel BALIVET (1944-2020)
Aix-Marseille University Emeritus
Prof. Dr. Renan Funda BARBAROS ÖZAY
Ege University
Prof. Dr. Engin BERBER
Ege University
Prof. Dr. Christof BERNS
University of Hamburg
Prof. Dr. Fatma Cânâ BİLSEL
Middle East Technical University
Prof. Dr. Olivier BOUQUET
University of Paris
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Juan CARMONA PIDAL
University Carlos III of Madrid
Raşit ÇAVAŞ
Publisher
Prof. Dr. Semih ÇELENK
Dokuz Eylül University
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aykut Barış ÇEREZCİOĞLU
Dokuz Eylül University
Prof. Dr. Şeniz ÇIKIŞ
İzmir Institute of Technology
Assoc. Prof. Dr. H. Erdem ÇIPA
University of Michigan
Prof. Dr. Bülent DİKEN
Kadir Has University
Prof. Dr. Alpay ER
Özyeğin University
Prof. Dr. Ümit ERDEM
Ege University
Retired
Prof. Dr. Necmi ERDOĞAN
Middle East Technical University
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Akın ERSOY
Izmir Kâtip Celebi University
Prof. Dr. Suraiya FAROQHI
Ibn Haldun University
Prof. Dr. Ayşe FİLİBELİ
Dokuz Eylül University
Prof. Dr. Elena FRANGAKIS-SYRETT
City University of New York
Dr. Işık GÜRLEYEN
IES Abroad
Prof. Dr. Christos HADZIIOSSIF
University of Crete
Emeritus
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Shane HAWKINS
Carleton University
Asst. Prof. Dr. Dalya HAZAR KALONYA
Pamukkale University
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Arife KARADAĞ
Ege University
Prof. Dr. Levent KAYAPINAR
Ankara University
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Şölen KİPÖZ
Izmir University of Economics
Prof. Dr. Günnur KOÇAR
Ege University
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Elias KOLOVOS
University of Crete
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mehmet KUYURTAR
Ege University
Prof. Dr. Ergün LAFLI
Dokuz Eylül University
Prof. Dr. Homa LESSAN PEZECHKI
Aix-Marseille University
Alexandros MALLIAS
Diplomat
Prof. Dr. Nicolas MICHEL
Aix-Marseille University
Asst. Prof. Dr. Can ÖZCAN
Izmir University of Economics
Dr. Oktay ÖZEL
Historian
Asst. Prof. Dr. Aras ÖZGÜN
Izmir University of Economics
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Korkut ÖZTEKİN
Izmir University of Economics
Prof. Dr. Eyüp ÖZVEREN
Middle East Technical University
Retired
Prof. Dr. Şevket PAMUK
Boğaziçi University
Prof. Dr. Socrates PETMEZAS
University of Crete
Asst. Prof. Dr. Saygın SALGIRLI
University of British Columbia
Dr. Marinos SARIYANNIS
Foundation for Research & Technology – Hellas
Asst. Prof. Dr. Erkan SERÇE
Dokuz Eylül University
Prof. Dr. Yuri STOYANOV
SOAS University of London
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Serdar Gökhan ŞENOL
Ege University
Prof. Dr. İlhan TEKELİ
Middle East Technical University
Emeritus
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Yücel TERZİBAŞOĞLU
Boğaziçi University
Prof. Dr. Zuhal ULUSOY
İstanbul Bilgi University
Prof. Dr. Yaşar UYSAL
Dokuz Eylül University
Dr. Erdal UZUNOĞLU
Architect
Prof. Dr. Vahdet ÜNAL
Ege University
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Galip YALMAN
Middle East Technical University
Emeritus
Prof. Dr. Alexandra YEROLYMPOS
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Emerita
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Güzel YÜCEL GİER
Dokuz Eylül University
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sibel ZANDI-SAYEK
William & Mary